Women In Television Essay Example For Students

Ladies In Television Essay The job of ladies in TV has had an effect significant on mankind and on life in America. The picture of ladies in circumstance comedies has changed. Ladies in our general public have assumed numerous jobs. During this period from the times of the 1950s through the 1990s, ladies began landing their own positions and improved tutoring. The jobs of ladies as depicted in mainstream American TV have transformed from that of embarrassing, debasing pictures to those of poise and regard. In the arrangement, the ?Brady Bunch?, Carol Brady, give a role as the job of the mother, is depicted as an individual who devotes as long as she can remember to her family. Her exercises are family focused. It doesn't give the idea that she has employable abilities, or that she would decide to go into the work world. She isn't depicted as a leader yet holds up until her better half gets back home to decide. Alice, A solid ?house keeper? who for all intents and purposes settles on choices about running the family unit, underpins her administration of her home. An incredible accentuation is set on Mrs. Bradys physical appeal. We will compose a custom exposition on Women In Television explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Interestingly, the arrangement ?Home Improvement? has a mother who is solid and settles on all the choices of the family unit. Contrasted with Mrs. Bradys depiction, the mother is an incredible and persevering mother and spouse for both her young men and her significant other. She depicts the significant impact that working ladies have on American culture today. The foci on ladies on TV have changed since the 1950s, giving ladies all the more impressive pictures. Today, during the 1990s, ladies have indicated that their gauges are for greatness in both work and home. Instructive foundation is a higher priority than sex bid. To be sure, the picture of ladies depicted in TV since the 1950s has improved to one of poise and regard.

Analysis of Zaras Marketing Plan and Strategy

Investigation of Zaras Marketing Plan and Strategy Zara is a retailing chain with a few stores arranged around the world. Its showcasing technique depends more on extension as opposed to publicizing or customary strategies for advancement. This report will give a concise blueprint and a basic assessment of Zaras showcasing plan especially comparable to its condition. The report will likewise distinguish and assess how innovation and the new media could affect on Zaras future showcasing plans. The manageability of Zaras advertising procedure and how it will influence their notoriety later on will likewise be inspected. Zara has just started the execution of the showcasing technique so a short gander at the current position and the outcomes has likewise been remembered for this report. 2.0 Marketing Plan 2.1 Mission Statement Zara moves at the pace of society, style thoughts, and patterns that society itself has natured. Henceforth its prosperity among individuals, societies and ages that, despite their disparities, share a unique affectability for style. 2.2 SWOT Analysis Zaras primary qualities are its initial advancement in innovation which has brought about easily worked coordinations, its capacity to deliver great plans and late patterns quickly and proficiently, its venture force and its participative culture (see reference section 1: Company foundation). Its fundamental shortcoming is its client assistance however it has open door for development in new markets, new nations and on the web. The organizations fundamental danger is the conceivable impact of the overall financial downturn on the quality of the Euro which could expand the expenses of Zaras redistributing and at last expel the upper hand picked up by its evaluating technique. 2.3 Marketing Objectives Increment client value Increment buy recurrence among hefty size clients Keep on developing by broadening the Zara design brand Increment brand mindfulness and positive perspectives among purchasers Zaras fundamental corporate targets are development through store extension in enormous profoundly populated urban areas and keeping up an upper hand through the steady arrival of an assortment of new forms normally. The promoting targets to build brand mindfulness and broaden the Zara design brand will contribute immensely towards accomplishing the general destinations especially the store development. 2.4 Marketing Strategy The objective gathering comprises for the most part of ladies matured between 18 40 who are either working in large urban areas or seeking after advanced education, have a mid-extend pay and are commonly inspired by style slants just as cognizant about their looks. The organization has situated itself as a store selling an assortment of mid-range quality high design apparel at moderate costs and has stores in around 70 nations around the world. The valuing methodology is to create garments that are normally modest and moderate by the individuals who can't spend much on in vogue attire however need to have engaging and agreeable outfits just as well off buyers who like great quality and style. Zaras advertising technique is to make a client centered item that will separate Zara from its rivals by carrying a new look to the larger size portion, benefiting from the current Zara name and qualities related with the brand and taking the assortment looking for client from the contenders. 2.5 Marketing Mix Item Cost Advancement Spot Physical Evidence Individuals Procedure Quality Reasonable Store show Coordinations Clients Redistributing Appearance Reasonable Advertising Store environment for example all the way open spaces Providers In-house creation Brand Comprehensive (i.e not selective) Publicizing in high Fashion magazines e.g Vogue, Harpers and so forth. Each line with its own area in the store Senior supervisors In reverse mix Claim Web Architects CSR activity to make mindfulness e.g plan rivalry for understudies As per McDonald M, (2007), all associations have a blend of items or administrations that could be delegated either, a calamity, least cost, specialty or exceptional achievement items dependent on M. Watchmen nonexclusive systems grid. Be that as it may, Zara has not many debacles, in truth it has another item disappointment pace of only 1% in contrast with the business normal of 10% (Pearson, n.d.). Through in reverse and vertical joining, Zara keeps its costs low and in this manner can keep up low costs while as yet holding gainfulness. It doesn't especially mean to create specialty items as a large portion of the structures are either a duplicate from the catwalk or from other store plans. Anyway more often than not it has remarkable accomplishment with its items because of its brilliant flexibly fasten which empowers it to create new structures speedily. Zara can create and circulate new structures inside about fourteen days of another style showing up on the catwalk, an accomplishment which has given the firm an upper hand over contenders, for example, HM (Hennes Mauritz) and Gap. The organizations garments are publicized predominantly through the store shows in their various stores found worldwide and through their mindful client support. They likewise promote on the web and seldom in different types of media. The items are dispersed through a perplexing innovation based framework which guarantees that merchandise are conveyed to all the stores at the same time and all the time. 3.0 The Marketing Plan and its Environment 3.1 Pestel Analysis Zara began in Spain and with more than 500 of its stores at present situated there, the market has gotten rather soaked. Subsequently it has extended to 63 nations and thus faces different difficulties for the most part introduced by new conditions. Zara has an arrangement of setting up its stores just in the downtown area of huge urban areas and each store must have a base size of 1000 square meters. In specific nations acquiring this can be a test which came about in Zara joining forces with one of its principle rivals, Benetton trying to infiltrate the Italian market. The joint endeavor bombed following two years as they couldn't make sure about the necessary property size in a fitting area. Besides Zara initially had a strategy of possessing every one of its stores which it has needed to survey following the section into different nations with a limitation on all out outside proprietorship. Zara had to think about joint endeavors and establishments to battle this issue and at present has a few co-claimed stores. The overall downturn is additionally a monetary factor that could make difficulties for Zaras showcasing plan. The credit crunch has left the masses with less extra cash and for some, individuals, staying aware of the style may not really be a need even with rising costs and expenses. Likewise, swelling in the less evolved nations that Zara works in could make a hazard as the benefits might be not exactly anticipated. Some portion of Zaras corporate targets, is to secure the earth however much as could be expected, which incorporates delivering less waste, reusing where conceivable, the utilization of natural textures, creation of PVC footwear and utilization of biodiesel fuel. Guaranteeing that this goal is accomplished is very vital as the companys picture could be influenced by the exercises of weight gatherings or partners who may bring natural issues up in the nations that Zara works in. There are likewise social contemplations to Zaras universal extension system which shapes the premise of its showcasing plan. In spite of overpowering achievement in Europe in the course of recent years, Zara has been not able to enter the American clothing market effectively. It could be because of a distinction in tastes and inclinations added to the way that the firm has not built up a solid gracefully chain procedure as they have in Europe. By and by, social contrasts in tastes and styles could stay a test for an organization concentrating on expansion to remote nations. In Moslem nations, Zara adds additional length to the hemlines of its dresses and in its corporate page, it expresses that our global nearness permits us to presume that there are no wildernesses that would block a common culture of design. Endeavors should be made to guarantee that delicate social issues in remote nations are not overlooked. 3.2 Five Forces Analysis The relationship of Zaras promoting plan with its condition can be additionally examined with the utilization of Porters five powers model. Zaras primary contenders are Gap, Benetton and HM. Zara has kept up an upper hand over its rivals through its capacity to control its flexibly chain. It doesn't share the vast majority of its providers as it has gained some of them through its parent organization, Inditex and not at all like its rivals, a large portion of its activities are executed in-house, for example, texture assembling and part of the cutting and sewing forms. In fact Zara contends with its opponents for clients however through its production of a brand has made sure about client devotion. Its clients visit the stores on normal 17 times each year contrasted with the business normal of multiple times and on the greater part of those events buys are made. Zara discharges around 10,000 unique plans each year and intentionally delivers styles in little amounts to make an air of shortage. This guarantees clients visit consistently to see the most recent plans and buy quickly in light of the fact that there is no sureness that the style will be there the following day. There is consistently a danger of replacement, as contenders will all discharge a similar plan inevitably yet once more, Zaras speed gives it a bit of leeway and it would have sold out its top structures, well before the contenders who have a more drawn out lead creation time (generally five months contrasted with Zaras fourteen days), can put the plans available. There are no genuine boundaries to passage into the business that Zara works in other than the way that Zara has separated its item. It's anything but an unadulterated separation anyway since it doesn't charge a top notch cost for its nudge

Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities Essay Example For Students

Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities Essay In Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities, the character of Sydney Carton was introduced as a drunkard legal advisor with extremely low confidence. He advanced as a character and changed somewhat in appearance chiefly in Chapter 20 of Book the Second. In the former parts, Carton is just depicted as a lush, frequenting bar and bringing down plentiful measures of wine. Charles Darnay utilized a wry modest representation of the truth, I think you have been drinking, Mr. Container (71) to feature this preposterous point. In his fuming, be that as it may, he makes his actual sentiments understood. Container efers to himself as a baffled menial worker who nobody on earth thinks about (71). He will in general be an adherent, particularly of Stryver, which exploits this basic man s endeavors. In actuality, Carton shows propensities to do contemplative and great work as a legal advisor, depicted as an incredibly decent jackal (72). The main issue he had with that great attribute is that he had no certainty or confidence to back up his inclination for law; thus he could never be a lion (72). Further, he was constantly viewed as an outcast. Container gave off an impression of being a detestable, bleak man, when in reality it was the liquor talking. He never truly communicated his actual self until that delicate side rose in the end activity of the book. The way that Carton never discovered friendship in upstanding man and that he gorged every now and again made individuals view Carton offensively, causing his untouchable status. After Darnay s union with Lucie, be that as it may, Carton showed up and demonstrated authentic feeling toward Darnay. He was sorry for his inebriation, and made a supplication to be companions (172). Darnay was disparaging to Carton, not giving him much regard, yet Carton appeared to be sincere in any case. This demonstrated how Carton was really a commendable man within, yet at the same time had an issue with liquor addiction. This indicated a good attribute inside the man who was a pariah, and it makes the peruser take a gander at Carton a piece uniquely in contrast to that point forward. Taking everything into account, Carton was a lush legal counselor with low confidence that was deficient from multiple points of view, however had positive characteristics within. He decided not to permit those attributes to show all the time, however they were as yet obvious. Sydney Carton is an exceptionally fundamental character to this book, demonstrating an extremely unique individual change.

The Life of Martin Guerre Essay Example for Free

The Life of Martin Guerre Essay 1) Much of the main page is taken up with portrayals of the nation. What does it convey? Depictions of the land and nation in which the characters live lays the right foundation and the timeframe of the story. On the principal page, we are given pictures of seclusion because of the overwhelming winter that covered [the land] under whiteness. This gives us a view into the feudalist ways of life of the laborers in the mountains, and the relaxation they delighted in spite of their difficult work. 2) Why is the marriage of Bertrande de Rols and Martin Guerre the primary scene in this novel? The marriage of Bertrande de Rols and Martin Guerre is the fundamental focal point of the whole story, which is the motivation behind why the book starts in such a manner. The story later returns and clarifies the connection between the two families and how their orchestrated marriage came to fruition, yet the underlying spotlight is on the marriage itself in its outset. 3) What does the peruser realize of the families associated with the wedding in the primary pages? The peruser discovers that the families Guerre and de Rols are both rich and prosperous laborer families living in the town of Artigues. The families had been opponents for ages, since the time there was a misconception between the extraordinary granddads of the youthful couple. Be that as it may, the birth and prearranged engagement of Martin and Bertrande, who were brought into the world an exceptionally brief timeframe apart,â marked the finish of the families fights. 4) Why is Martin so tolerating when he is rebuffed by his dad? Martin knows his place in the family. One day he will grow up to take his dads position at the leader of the table as the top dhostal. He gets that on the off chance that he has no submission for [his] father, [his] child will have none for [him]. He should figure out how to comply with his dad and gain from him all around, so he will be equipped for filling his shoes when his dad is no more. Something else, the family will be left in ruin [and] despair. It could be said, Martin is relied upon to turn into his dad, which we later discover isn't his desire by any means. 5) Why cant Bertrande stay happily with Arnaud, a man who gives her pleasure, underpins her family and is a decent rancher? Notwithstanding the way that Arnaud was the man for whom [Bertrande] felta incredible and upbeat energy, she couldnt stay cheerily with him. She was an extremely solid catholic who couldn't acknowledge the shadow of wrongdoing and peril which went with [Arnaud], despite the fact that he made her more joyful than Martin ever could or would have. 6) Why is no one arranged to help and trust Bertrande? If Bertrande somehow happened to win the body of evidence against Arnaud, the main individual the triumph would profit is herself. She would have true serenity in the way that she was correct, and she would get an opportunity at exculpation from her wrongdoings. Be that as it may, she would be conflicting with the benefit of all. Every other person in her family understands that the result of the case will decide the familys destiny in ages to come, and therefore would have [her] still bamboozled. Her sister-in-law begs her to drop the charges, in any case the family will never be upbeat again [and] the homestead will never flourish again. 7) Why do you think Arnaud du Tilh will not leave Bertrande when she gives him cautioning of her conviction? When Arnaud went to the Guerre family in the appearance of Martin Guerre, he had originallyintended to remain just long enough to get somewhat silver or gold. Be that as it may, he wound up getting an unexpected end result. He began to look all starry eyed at Bertrande, which disallowed him from abandoning her to long stretches of torment. To leave as of now would likewise resemble an affirmation of blame. Arnaud had ended up stuck in the circumstance, and had no real option except to hold on and trust that he was not seen as liable. 8) Why may Bertrande feel uncertain about indicting the new Martin? Bertrande, as Arnaud, was in a predicament. Her affection for Arnaud was as solid as his adoration for her, and he didn't seem a beast to her. Be that as it may, to remain with him is submit a transgression generally dark, conflicting with her convictions and standards. Then again, arraigning him would pulverize everything that fulfilled her Arnaud, her family and the homestead. This made her be uncertain about what strategy to take. Part TWO: Rieux 9) What is the criticalness of Bertrandes disarray about the sun? Bertrandes disarray about the sun mirrors her quality of psyche. Everything appeared strangeshe had at no other time left the area of Artigues. The first run through Bertrande left Artigues and remained in her aunties house, the sun appeared to radiate through western windows toward the beginning of the day. In established truth the windows were confronting east and the sun shone as ordinary; the main contrast was Bertrandes befuddled observation because of her being in a remote spot. Whenever she remains in the house is the point at which she is more seasoned and more grounded, and she [marvels] that she had ever felt befuddled about the course. 10) Why does Arnaud grin when he hears Bertrandes reaction to his capital punishment? Arnaud truly loved Bertrande and thought about her profoundly, requesting everything he could envision to expand her solace when she was sick. At the point when he hears her objection disregarding the sentence just went upon him, his face [is] brightwith bliss. Taking into account what has occurred, this is a ground-breaking quote from which we at last addition some knowledge into Arnauds character. This man has been condemned to death, yet all he thinks about is the way that Bertrande does surely have affections for him and love him as he adores her. Part THREE: Toulouse 11) Read Bertrandes discussion with the minister. For what reason does he attempt to persuade Bertrande to pull back charges against Arnaud du Tilh? The cleric, having considered the whole circumstance intently, accepts the results would be far less if Bertrande pulled back the allegation against Arnaud. He has had a lot to do with Arnaud, and suspects himself that he isn't the genuine Martin Guerre. Be that as it may, he esteemed him more than he esteemed the crude, impatientthoughtlessselfish Martin Guerre who fled and was happy to acknowledge the new Martin who he says basically went through eight years in a hard school. 12) What do you think about the possibility that Bertrande is roused to continue with the intrigue severely at the individuals who have mistreated her? Will this thought be upheld by the content? In a time where ladies were undoubtedly persecuted in a male-ruled society, it is reasonable that a lady like Bertrande would have sentiments of outrage towards her oppressors. It is sure that she feels outrage and a sort of disdain towards Arnaud, saying that [she] has not requested his passing, however now [she] must request it. It is conceivable that Arnaud is copping the brunt of every last bit of her hardships that happened after Martin left her. Despite the fact that this thought is plausible, Bertrande has a few different purposes behind seeking after equity. By experiencing passionate feelings for Arnaud, he has accursed [her] soul. Since she accepts this is a human sin, she needs to beâ ridof his essence using any and all means. It is likewise her greatest blemish, her inability to deny reality, that she should seek after it as far as possible. 13) On her excursion to Toulouse, Bertrande reviews that in her brain she voyaged this excursion with Martin when he previously ventured out from home. For what reason does Martins memory persuade her to seek after this course against Arnaud du Tilh? Despite the fact that Martin never treated Bertrande just as Arnaud did, he despite everything spoke to for her what is ethically right since she was focused on him through marriage. In this sense, the memory of Martin brings back the memory of a straightforward life, liberated from falsehoods and scheme, where her joy originated from realizing she was making the best decision. 14) During the preliminary, for what reason is the uncles portrayal of Arnaud so condemning? Carbon Bareau portrays Arnaud such that everybody can relate to. He says that he has a method of taking the heart, which is actually what he did when he originally went to the Guerre family unit. The cleric esteemed him, the kids adored him, thus did Bertrande. Carbon Bareau additionally says that he has no regard for the laws, which gave individuals a clarification of his annoyance when he was rejected the cash endowed to Pierre Guerre. 15) After the preliminary, depression and isolation are again Bertrandes destiny. She gets little help from her family, her congregation, the court or the holding up swarms. In this unique circumstance, what does singular equity mean? Bertrande has discovered equity in the result of the preliminary; anyway she is the one in particular who will profit by it. She has lost everybody she adores for a fact, to free [herself] from a double dealing which was expending and executing [her]. Bertrande was bound to carry on with a troubled, singular life, whatever she did. In the event that she dropped the allegation, she would be miserable in view of her wrongdoings. Since she finished it, she lost everything. Section FOUR: Afterword 16) What impact does the data about the first preliminary report have on your comprehension of The Wife of Martin Guerre? The first preliminary report caused me to understand that The Wife of Martin Guerre depends on genuine occasions ever, accordingly causing the occasions in the story to appear to be increasingly achievable. 17) Is it savvy, or alluring or even conceivable to speak to this story precisely? Janet Lewis says that the story which I offer here varies to some degree from the [real] story, in light of the fact that no decision or choice was really reached. In the event that this had have been the situation in The Wife of Martin Guerre, we would not be left with the feeling of incongruity and good foul play that made the essential messages we take from the story. Subjects: The nature of trickiness 1) Why does her family keep on accepting the impostor is Martin after Bertrandes allegations? As a result of the achievement of the Feudal/man centric culture Bertrandes family have joyfully lived in for ages, they would not change a cobblestone. They decide to distrust Bertrande, for it is just reality for [her], not for [them]. By doing this, they decide to keep their bliss and flourishing without f

The Leadership Member Exchange Theory

The Leadership Member Exchange Theory There are diverse initiative hypotheses that have been proposed. A portion of these are the administration part trade hypothesis, transformational authority hypothesis, way objective hypothesis and situational approach hypothesis. In this paper the over four speculations will be concentrated in trying to enable the understudies to have a more profound understanding into the administration styles and where they are best applied. Administration part trade hypothesis Otherwise called LMX or vertical dyad linkage hypothesis it tries to depict how pioneers in bunches can keep up their situation by having unsaid trade concurrences with their subordinates. Through the unique relationship with the pioneer the in-bunch individuals approach significant levels of duty, are powerful in dynamic and are additionally ready to get to assets. Notwithstanding, the individuals from in-bunch pay for this benefit by buckling down, being resolved to task destinations and furthermore share increasingly authoritative obligations. Furthermore, these individuals are additionally expected to show devotion and pledge to their pioneer. Then again, the individuals from out-bunch have little obligation, have little impact in dynamic and think that its difficult to get to the assets. The LMX procedure as indicated by House (1971) has three phases and starts when one joins the gathering. The first is the job taking where the part joins the groups and the pioneer analyzes their abilities. It is then that the pioneer concludes whether to give this part a chance or not. Knox and Inkster (1968) contend that during this stage it gets significant for the pioneer and the part to set out an establishment on rules of commitment. The unsaid understanding takes pace in the second stage where the casual game plan happens between the pioneer and the part. The job is made for this part, which likewise accompanies benefits. Consequently this part should pay by being committed and being faithful. Linville, Fischer and Salovey (1989) see that at this stage trust building is significant. Accordingly if the pioneer feels deceived the person is probably going to downgrade the part to the out-gathering. This stage additionally includes different factors, for example, connections and the comparability with the pioneer. A part who has closeness is probably going to have positive connections as per this hypothesis. Additionally, for the situation where the pioneer and the part are of same sexual orientation this relationship is likewise liable to be certain as this casual plan is frequently based on regard. Progressively finished, this relationship is probably going to be influenced by culture and race. As per Lippman (1982) the third procedure in LMX hypothesis is routinization. It is in this stage a ceaseless social trade between the two gatherings is built up. This relationship is based on trust and there is a propensity to discover an individual from senior groups having comparability with their pioneer. Maas, Ceccarelli and Rudin (1996) include that the individuals are sensible, delicate, sympathetic and can follow the possibility of their pioneer. On the opposite the individuals from the out-bunch have inverse attributes. Specifically, they are probably going to be forceful, wry and egocentric. Lippman (1982) portrays the in-bunch individuals as having more certainty, progressively included, informative and being increasingly reliable. Also, these individuals go past their proper expected set of responsibilities and as such the pioneer responds by growing their job. The individuals from the external gathering are less good with the pioneer and simply report to work, complete the obligations given and return home. Ainslie (1974) is of the sentiment that under this hypothesis the individual from the in-bunch is increasingly profitable attributable to this social trade with their pioneer. In fact, under LMX there is probably going to be less laborers turnover, increasingly positive execution, progressively positive execution assessments, more advancements, more prominent cooperation and backing for the pioneers vision and positive occupation demeanor (Ainslie, 1975). This hypothesis has quality as the individuals who contribute more can appreciate a bigger number of advantages than new individuals from the out-gathering. It distinguishes the dyadic relationship and underlines the significance of successful pioneer part trades. Notwithstanding, the pioneers should be cautious on whom they permit in the in-gathering and should just bed one on the work execution in particular. This ought not be founded on race, ethnicity, sex or religion. The pundits of this think that its out of line as the individuals are dealt with inconsistent. Transformational initiative As indicated by this hypothesis transformational initiative is a procedure that changes individuals. It involves managing the feelings, values, norms, morals and long haul objectives. The devotees thought processes and needs are fulfilled by having a visionary administration. The two gatherings are bound together in a changes procedure. As indicated by Bass (1990) the pioneers change the supporters through: Making them mindful of the significance and the estimation of the undertaking. Causing the devotees to comprehend the significance of concentrating on the hierarchical objectives as opposed to singular intrigue Initiating their high-request needs In his contention Bass (1990) finds that charm is essential as it assists with conjuring positive and compelling feelings. What's more, it likewise makes the devotees relate to the pioneers. Moxy is characterized as a character trademark and gives the holder superhuman forces. It is just controlled by a couple and is regularly respected to have divine starting point. The author further contends that legitimate transformational initiative depends on romanticized impact, scholarly incitement, motivational incitement and individualized thought (Ainsworth, 1963). The glorified impact portrays the pioneers who have solid good examples attributes. The supporters are glad to distinguish and copy these pioneers. Through moving inspiration the pioneers impart their exclusive standards to their supporters. They devotees become motivated and turn into a piece of the associations objective and vision. Then again, through the idea of scholarly incitement the supporters are made to be progressivel y inventive and imaginative (Graen Cashman, 1975). This is accomplished by the pioneer giving them the correct stage where they challenge their own convictions and qualities. The adherents are additionally ready to scrutinize the estimations of their pioneer. By singular thought the pioneers give an empowering atmosphere wherein they tune in and address the individual concerns raised by their supporters (Granovetter, 1973). This additionally dependent on the three good perspectives which incorporate The ethical character of the pioneer The moral qualities in the pioneers vision. This may either be acknowledged or dismissed by the supporters. The degree of the profound quality of social moral procedures that the adherents and the pioneer use. In any case, Burn (1978) takes a gander at transformational administration as an ability in which the pioneers and devotees are occupied with the common procedure of inspiring, rousing others and lifting up the ethical quality. This hypothesis expect that a pioneer who has a high good position is probably going to pull in an after. It could likewise be contended that the pioneers bid to the higher standards and qualities which the devotees are profoundly joined to. The supporters have a mutual foundation on social qualities and this urges them to work together instead of each after their individual advantages. It could be contended that pioneers who advance this administration summon inspiration and ingrain feeling of personality and importance to the laborers. As indicated by an examination by Bennis and Nanus the pioneers had an away from of things to come of their foundations (Ainsorth, 1978). Furthermore, they were social draftsmen and propelled the laborers by building trust. This is conceivable through making an understood position and remaining by it. As Bailey (1985) puts it the pioneers utilize inventive sending of self through positive self respect. As indicated by North House (2007) the hypothesis has been very much looked into since 1970s and offers comparative thought with the desires for the general public. Also, this hypothesis regards authority as a procedure which happens between the pioneers and the devotees. A major accentuation is likewise is put on the supporters needs vales and ethics. The cons of this hypothesis are that the pioneer appears to chip away at their own and doesn't permit contribution from the adherents. It is additionally elitist and undemocratic and isn't probably going to work where the dynamic should be a mutual obligation. The four builds; uplifting inspiration, individualized thought, admired impact and scholarly incitement are difficult to quantify. These develops are likewise like one another and is difficult to have out their effect. A survey perfect for this hypothesis Not in the least once in while now and again Fairly Often Frequently 0 1 2 3 4 Romanticized impact (properties) I go past personal circumstance to benefit the gathering ___ Romanticized impact (practices) I consider the good and moral outcomes of choices ____ Helpful inspiration I talk hopefully about the future ____ Scholarly incitement I reconsider basic presumptions to address whether they are fitting ____ Individualized thought I help other people to build up their qualities ____ Situational authority The pioneer need not depend on value-based and transformational strategies just and the best reason for activity that pioneer needs to take relies upon situational factors. A portion of the components prone to influence the situational choices incorporate inspiration and the capacity of devotees. Yukl (1989) distinguishes six factors. The subordinate exertion is worried about the inspiration and the exertion put. The subordinate capacity and lucidity is worried about devotees understanding their job and how to do it. The association of work is significant and takes a gander at how the work is organized and furthermore the use of assets. The other variable is the participation and the cohesiveness of the gathering. The availabilit

Practical virology

Practical virology Unfortunately for me, Ive been hit with whats hopefully some sort of 24-hour flu or something I didnt get to go out and watch the marathon today because Ive been lying around in bed feeling pathetic and nauseous. I guess a long weekend is a somewhat good time to get hit with something like this I mean, better now than later this week when I have two tests, right? but its kind of a disappointment. Im hoping to bounce back by tomorrow, when a bunch of my friends are going to Fire and Ice for the all-you-can-eat lunch buffet. On the upside, weve been learning about viruses and other types of infectious disease in 7.27 (Principles of Human Disease), so if I have to feel like crap, at least I can be well-informed. Among the top practical things Ive learned as an MIT biology major, and the classes Ive learned them in: 1. When you have a virus, you should stay hydrated by drinking Gatorade or some other water/sugar/salt solution (7.06). You wont absorb water without salt due to the structure of your kidneys (7.20), and you wont absorb salt without sugar due to the structure of the transporters in your intestine (7.06). 2. The reason you feel like hell when you have a virus is actually due to your immune system molecules like interferons and cytokines are released by immune cells to alert other cells to the viral threat (7.23). 3. Illnesses caused by viruses are usually readily distinguishable from those caused by bacteria bacterial illnesses tend to be localized (infected wound, UTI) while viral illnesses, though sometimes localized (flu, mono), make you feel awful all over (7.23). 4. And Ive learned the molecular mechanisms of more drugs and toxins than you can shake a stick at (7.20, 7.23, 7.27, 7.28, 7.29). On an even more practical note, if you get really sick at MIT (that is to say, not just run-of-the-mill icky like I do right now), you can head yourself on over to MIT Medicals Urgent Care. If youre too sick to get there yourself, you can even call the ambulance, which is staffed by EMT-trained students. Ive been to Urgent Care way too many times in my undergraduate career I had bronchitis and an abscessed tooth freshman year, I had a run of three or four nasty bacterial infections sophomore year, my entire suite had mono sophomore year and I wanted to get tested just in case, I slammed my finger in a door junior year I actually dont think Ive been there so far this year. Hooray! But all that urgent care is covered by the MIT student health plan, and is included with tuition. If you get really, really sick at MIT like when my friend Swapna 05 got a nasty virus and was dehydrated and slightly delirious, MIT Med has beds and a staff to take care of you day and night until youre better. If you hurt yourself badly enough, like when Rita 08, one of the cheerleaders, broke her arm last year, were just a hop, skip, and a jump away from Massachusetts General Hospital and some of the best doctors in the world. (MGH is just across the Longfellow Bridge from the east end of campus.) Questions (mostly about double-majors) 1. Nur asked, Should the course you consider double majoring in be closely related with your first major? It can be, but it doesnt have to be. If two majors have quite a bit of overlap, its easier to double with them, since many of the classes you take can be applied toward the degree requirements for both majors. On the other hand, if you dont have very much AP credit to begin with, youll have to take quite a few classes to get the 270 units outside the GIRs anyway. I suppose I should emphasize that doubling at MIT is never easy, but in most cases its possible to do. Certainly a lot of people do it. 2. Charlotte asked, Hahaso whos most stressed out? Poor undergrads, graduate students, postdocs or the professors? Just a curious question. =) I personally think postdocs are the most stressed out theyre worried about getting faculty positions at the same time theyre worrying about picking their kids up from school and how to buy a house on a postdoc salary. Grad students and undergrads have fewer outside things to worry about, and its way easier to be poor when youre in your twenties than when youre in your thirties. And professors have no right to complain, except around grant-writing time. :) 3. Dan wrote, So with a course required for two majors, I would: take it just once, it would count in two places, and count once towards my graduation total which would be 270 beyond the GIRs with a double major. Sweet, it still sounds really hard still when you take a realistic look at it. Yup, sounds like youve got it! I suppose I should emphasize that doubling at MIT is never easy, but in most cases its possible to do. Certainly a lot of people do it. 4. Leo asked, Did you use some Course 9 requirements to substitute HASS? What was in the 27 units of AP credit? Though this be madness, can you tell us any methods in planning classes for a double major? (such as pitfalls to avoid, ways to ease stress). Yes, I used 24.900 (Intro to Linguistics) as both a HASS and as my required cognitive science class. My 27 units of AP credit was from the three AP courses I took (English Literature, Government, US History); for each 5 on a humanities AP test, MIT awards 9 units of general elective credit. Finally, Id advise people interested in a double-major to make a rough class plan after first semester (when you have a better idea of what classes are offered when) you dont have to follow it to the letter, but it helps to guide your course selection for second semester and for sophomore year. 5. Michelle asked, I was wondering which dorms you have stayed in during MIT and what your experience has been. Ive lived in Macgregor all four years in a single. Ive absolutely loved it Macgregor is the right dorm for me, since I go a little crazy if other people are in my space too long. Macgregor is divided into nine entries; Ive lived in A-Entry and D-Entry, both of which are considered social entries and always have people sitting out in the common room talking and eating and being friendly. 6. Nehalita asked, Could you do a separate entry on class plans? I know a lot of us reading are prefrosh but it would be nice to hear your perspective and whatnot. Do we actually meet up with someone to make a class plan or do we do this on our own? Thanks! Yeah, Ill write more on that next time. Theres something of an art to it its a little like doing a puzzle. :) Ive always done mine on my own, although I imagine it would be hugely helpful to be in the presence of an upperclassman whos taken many of the classes you plan to take. 7. And finally, for the one Im most curious about, William wrote (in response to my high school stats), So in otherwords the most popular kids get in? Because thats what it looks like. Shouldnt it be wholly based on your Academic Potential? Because thats why youre going to study at MIT? Well first, I dont really know what gave the impression that I was the most popular kid in my high school. I dont know where you all went to school, but in my high school you werent really cool unless you were on the football team the arts kids were in our own little world and were mostly ignored by the rest of the school. Granted, I didnt care (Ive never been one to let other people tell me how I ought to be), and I had plenty of friends, but I certainly dont think Id describe myself as the most popular kid. Second, if you have a good way of inerrantly measuring Academic Potential, Id love to see it. I may not have gotten a perfect score on the SAT, but I dont think that reflects whatsoever on my intelligence, nor do I think it reflects on my ability to be a good scientist. At the very least, Ive clearly succeeded at MIT despite my apparent lack of Academic Potential. There are a lot of ways to show that youre smart and that youre a hard worker. High SAT scores are one way, but theyre not the only way or the best way.

Answer Power Electronic Questions Research Assignment - 550 Words

Answer Power Electronic Questions Research Assignment (Term Paper Sample) Content: Chapter 3 #1: Determine the equation for the waveform in the figure. The point at which the sine is turned on is . Hint: the answer should have 3 parts.02540Part 1Since gradient is 0 for the line y=0,0dÃ' ² = Part 2Sin Ã' ² dÃ' ²= [-Cos Ã' ²+Cos ]=1+Cos Part 32dÃ' ² = Therefore, the equation for the area covered by the curve is+ (1+Cos )+ Chapter 3 #2: Determine the equation for the waveform in the figure. This is a symmetric triangle wave. The equation has two parts. Each segment is of the form y=mx+b. The second segment has a negative slope and a y intercept of 2Ip.0101600Equation of a straight line is given by: y = mx + cWhere m is the gradient and c the y interceptFor positive gradient;M1 = 2IPTTherefore, Y1 = 2IPTXFor negative gradient;M2 = - 2IPT and Y intercept = 2IPTherefore, Y2 = - 2IPTX + 2IPArea under the triangular wave is given by;0TY1+Y2.dt0T2IPTX - 2IPTX + 2IP.dtSubstituting the values of y1 and y2 in the above equation and integrating by parts you get;=2IPX0TChapter 3 #3: * Calculate the equation for the average value of the partial sine wave from Figure 3-33.Average value of the partial sine wave: from the figure, the quarter sine wave has the limits0 V average = 2 VpSin Ã' ². dÃ' ²Vp is the peak voltageV average = 2VP - CosÃ' ² for the limits 0 Substituting the limits;V average = 2VP - CosÃ' ²-Cos But Cos 180o = -1Thus, V average = 2Vp 1-Cos * Given an amplitude of 170 Vp and a firing angle, =60, calculate the average value.Given Vp = 170 V and =60 DegreesCos 60 = - 0.5Substituting this in the above equation we got;V average = (2 170) 1+0.5V average =162.3VChapter 3 #4: * Calculate the equation for the average value of the triangle wave from Figure 3-34.Average value of triangular waveConsidering the first quarter of the wave, we haveV average = 2T0T2 2T Ip Ã' ². dÃ' ²V average = 4/ 2 Ip 0T2Ã' ² . dÃ' ²V average = 2/ T2 Ip [ Ã' ²22] for the limits 0 T/2Substituting the limits, we get

The Influence of Violent Cultural Traditions on the...

â€Å"Violence has been a prominent social response to the application of structural adjustment policies throughout Latin America. There are societies in which, things fall apart; the center cannot hold. Violence is a shared disease that seems to arise in all societies where there are profound social differences and exploitation†¦Many Latin American societies are condemned to bloodletting by the precedents of violence and gross injustice that characterize their culture and their history.† – LeMoyne James, ‘Children of Cain’ 1991 Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s text depicts the cultural life and setting of Latin America. His inclusion of conventional values portrayed in the novel such as pride and honor influences specific characters such as Pedro†¦show more content†¦The author’s understanding of violence is extended beyond the text and into the political history of Latin America, full of neo-colonial repression, racial discrimination and struggles. Taking the location of the story into consideration we are able to understand that it is set in a small, isolated, confined community that is somewhat abandoned by the outside world. It is understandable that this isolation of the community has allowed it to maintain obsolete traditions which remain implanted in their society. Traditions such as the â€Å"honor killing† of Santiago Nasar or the â€Å"cult of death,† that the Vicario daughters practiced, as well as the custom of superstition and of course the essential concept of pride and honor. The traditions in Chronicle of a Death Foretold are revealed to be very important in this Latin American society. From arranged marriages, to greeting the bishop, we see tradition affecting the lives of many of the people in the river village. However we can also see this through the roles of women in this society. Purisima del Carmen, Angela Vicario’s mother, has raised her four fine daughters to be good wives. The girls do not marry until later in their lives, and only seldom socialize beyond the confinements of their home. The women spend their

Art History Filippo Brunelleschi Scuptor and Architect of...

Art History: Renaissance Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the greatest sculptors and architects of the Renaissance. His architectural achievements consist of some of the most well known and impressive structures not only of the Renaissance, but today. Not only were his structures amazing, but during his time he also invented new technology that would allow for his structures to be built. What would happen if Brunelleschi never designed architecture? We would have lost his inventions, his structures, and all of the work he inspired in other artists. Brunelleschi’s career path changed from sculpture to architecture after his loss to Ghiberti during the competition for the Eastern Doors of the Florentine Baptistery. If Brunelleschi had won†¦show more content†¦The scene feels much more tense than that of Ghiberti, who has rendered his scene and figures more gracefully and more delicate. The scene is less active and more atmospheric with the figures appearing more relaxed and less intense than Bru nelleschi’s. In the end, the competition was concluded and agreed on by the judges that Ghiberti was the winner. Although in the books and articles I’ve read through, each has a slightly different version of how the competition winner was decided. Some say that it was unclear how they chose a winner, while another says that Donato and Brunelleschi both agreed that Ghiberti was the clear winner and might have been declared the winner because his panel required approximately 30% less bronze, A couple of the readings said that it was a tie and that they were both asked to work on the commission together, which upon further reading seems most likely accurate. Apparently the only two panels that survived were Brunelleschi’s and Ghiberti’s, which suggests that they tied because they made sure that they survived since they were so well done. Regardless of how the decision was determined, Brunelleschi forfeited his role in working on the doors that would eventually complete the Gates of Paradise. Brunelleschi decided that rather than be equal or second to someone, he would become the

Brave New World By Aldous Huxley - 1023 Words

In the book Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, the character John the Savage is brought from his homeland of Malpais to London. When he arrives he finds that this world is very different from his own. Saddened and angered by the injustice of the society, he attempts to isolate himself from the world. John the Savage’s experience of being exiled from Malpais was enriching in that it showed him the true nature of the Other Place and alienating in that he was separated from his culture and not able to integrate into the new one. This illuminates the meaning of the work in that it shows the negative side of the â€Å"utopian† society. John the Savage’s exile from his homeland was enriching in that it showed him the true nature of the Other Place.†¦show more content†¦Don’t you even understand what manhood and freedom are?’† (Huxley 212-213) This quote shows how he became aware of the injustice of the system. His discovery of the true natu re of the Other Place was an enriching experience. It allowed him to no longer wonder about what the outside world was like and to no longer hold an idea in high regard that was not worthy of it. The truth is better than the lie and in learning the truth, John was enriched by his experience of being cut off from his homeland. John the Savage’s exile from his homeland was alienating in that it separated him from his culture and he was not able to integrate into the new one. John the Savage grew up in a society with very different views from that of the society in London. It was very difficult for him to not be around other people who shared similar ideas with him. This is exemplified by the quote â€Å"‘... Listen, Lenina; in Malpais people get married.† â€Å"Get what?† The irritation had begun to creep back into her voice. What was he talking about now? â€Å"For always. They make a promise to live together for always.† â€Å"What a horrible idea! † Lenina was genuinely shocked.† (Huxley 191) He was unable to connect with anyone on a deep level because of this intrinsic difference between them. Therefore, this experience was alienating for him because he was set apart from the rest of the society. The experience was so alienating that John the Savage removed himself from the society around him. â€Å"‘I shall go away

Analysis Of The Article Volunteerism Among Homeless...

The article, â€Å"Volunteerism among Homeless Persons with Developmental Disabilities,† by Larry G. Morton II and Giovanina Gardiner conducted the study in at George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The researchers discuss about the adults hardships and struggles these individuals are exposed to on a daily basis. In addition, this vulnerable population is excluded from mainstream society. The authors that conducted this study did a comparison on homeless individuals who were diagnosis with a developmental delay to determine if there is a correlation between volunteerism and community integration. Furthermore, the intent of this article is â€Å"to take Bowgett’s study a step further by reporting the level of volunteerism in an urban sample of homeless persons with developmental disabilities. The research question is does volunteerism suggest healthy community integration among this ample of homeless persons with develop mental disabilities?† ( (Gardiner, Morton, Cunningham-Williams, 2010, p. 2). In fact, the demographics of this article were citizens residing in two suburban St. Louis city public parks. Also, the following stipulation include: being age eighteen or older, having received special education services for development disability during their educational career, and being currently homeless ( i.e. staying outdoors, in a shelter, temporarily doubled up in another’s residence, or staying in a place not meant for human

Bluffing Free Essays

string(34) " additional sources as necessary\." HUMN 330 Values and Ethics Online Course Syllabus Credit Hours: 3 Delivery Method: Online (Internet / Blackboard) Required Textbook Rosenstand, N. (2013). The moral of the story: An introduction to ethics (7th ed. We will write a custom essay sample on Bluffing or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0078038426 Course Description This course focuses on the process of practical ethics as a way of resolving moral conflict and of understanding professional responsibility in a multi-culturally diverse society without devaluating specific viewpoints of ethical or metaphysical theory, ideology, or religion. Students will use proposals, value judgments, observation statements, assumptions, and alternate-world assumptions in arguing contemporary issues of moral importance. With this basic moral logic, students will resolve issues in terms of rights, responsibilities, and the community of rational beings; in terms of consequences and contingencies; and in terms of habituated virtues and character. Free and unrestricted discourse will be encouraged so as to let students find common ground in diversity. Course Goals This course is designed to help students: 1. Understand the basic vocabulary and fundamental theories of ethics. . Discover life’s values and determine which values are the most worthwhile. 3. Relate the textbook theories to actual life situations. 4. Find greater personal peace by choosing more constructive values. 5. Apply understanding of ethics to personal lives. 6. Understand the relationship between attitudes, values and moral conduct. Learning Outcomes This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 Upon course completion, students will be able to: 1. Judge the role and importance of ethics and evaluate moral behavior based on the criteria of value and self autonomy. . Assess the psychological, sociological, historical, and philosophical background of ethics. 3. Relate the nature and role of reason in understanding values. 4. Relate the nature and characteristics of freedom when responding to values. 5. Distinguish and apply ethical principles in ethical situations. 6. Explain the various arguments for and against the major contemporary ethical issues. 7. Discuss one’s options for identifying and replacing inferior values. 8. Explain the role, nature, and characteristics of responsibility. 9. Defend the value of and the process of foreseeing the consequences of an individual’s conduct. 10. Defend the choice of a viable ethical theory in solving an ethical problem. 11. Utilize the principles of critical thinking to enhance learning skills and to increase intellectual and moral growth. 12. Evaluate their conduct in the light of constructive ethical expectations. Grading Your final grade will be based on the following evaluation items: Grade Scale 90 – 100% 80 – 89% 70 – 79% 60 – 69% 0 – 59% A B C D F Evaluation Items and Weights Weekly Assignments Discussions Midterm Exam Group Project Final Exam Total 5% 30% 15% 15% 15% 100% Activities and Assignments Activities Each module, excluding Module 9, contains various assignments related to the respective module, such as: ? Chapter and Lecture Notes. This activity consists of reading the text and the lecture notes that are posted in each module. ? Reading and Reflection. This activity con tains a reading activity that is assigned to stimulate additional thinking and some discussions within the topic area. This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 ? ? Research and Critical Thinking. This activity varies with each module; however, they are typical outside readings with associated discussion questions of short essay-type answers to the topic area. Application. This activity varies with each module and is integrated into the learning modules to help you apply and reinforce the concepts that each module introduces. Weekly Assignments The assignments vary from module to module and are based on the activities that were contained within the module. Each includes a combination of threaded discussions, short essays, or study questions based on text or outside readings. The weekly assignments comprise 25% of your grade. Discussions The Discussion Board is an integral part of your learning in this course. You are encouraged and expected to participate in online discussions. Regular and meaningful discussion postings are part of your final grade. Each module, excluding Module 9, contain Discussion Board topics or questions that will help sharpen your critical thinking and written communication skills as you study the theories and concepts related to values and ethics. Thirty percent of your course grade will come from your original responses to module discussion prompts and responses to classmates submitted to the appropriate Discussion Board forum in response to these module discussion activities. Please refer to the Checklist for Meaningful Discussions and Discussion Rubric in Module 1. Discussions account for 30% of your grade. Exams Both the Midterm and Final Exams are time-limited online tests. The Midterm will cover Modules 1 through 4 (Chapters 1-6) and is to be taken in Week 4. The Final is comprehensive (Modules 1-4 and 5-9, Chapters 1-13) and is to be taken during Week 9. The Midterm and Final are each worth 15% of your grade. Group Project Module 8 is devoted to the group project. The Instructor will divide the class into four virtual groups to discuss a case involving an ethical issue. ? ? ? ? Group 1: Media Ethics Group 2: Theory of Just War Group 3: Animal Welfare and Animal Rights Group 4: Death Penalty Each group will have its own private group discussion forum. Accessing this private forum is a little different from reaching the public discussion forums. You will need to click the Groups menu item, not the Discussion Board. After clicking Groups, you will see the four groups listed but you will only have access to the group you have been assigned to. Click your group link to see a list of the other members of your group and then the Group Discussion Board link to access the discussion forum. This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 Work with your assigned group members on the ethics case for your group in your private discussion forum. Identify ethical or moral justifications to support your arguments from the text or additional sources as necessary. You read "Bluffing" in category "Essay examples" Use the Internet to research any additional information you would like to use in your group’s discussion. After groups have had time to review and discuss their cases and reach a consensus on the topic, one member of each of group will post its findings to the appropriate thread in the public Module 8 – Group Presentations forum. As individuals, each student will then comment on at least two other group presentations. The group project makes up 15% of your grade. Additional Information Library Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University has one of the most complete library collections of aviation-related resources in the world. ? ERAU Libraries: http://library. erau. edu/ Hunt Library Worldwide: Information, Services, Help o Worldwide Library: Basic Training o Worldwide Library: Ask-a-Librarian o Reference: Research Request Contact Information ? Hours: Monday – Friday 8:00 a. m. – 5:00 p. m. Eastern Time ? Telephone: 1-800-678-9428 or 386-226-6947 ? Email: librar y@erau. edu RefWorks RefWorks is an online database tool that can manage references and citations from almost any source. It provides specific guidance in how to collect and use references, create bibliographies, and write research papers. You may access it through this ERAU organizational login link when signed in to ERNIE or directly from the RefWorks website (http://www. refworks. com). A different link must be used for off-campus access (see these instructions). RefWorks requires users to create a RefWorks-specific username and password. Please contact the Hunt Library if you have any questions. Online Sources There are many websites that offer current information on values and ethics and any search engine (Google, etc. ,) will get you to both historic and current information that is relevant to the content of this course. In addition, many links are provided within the online learning modules. APA Format ERAU students should master the American Psychological Association (APA) editorial style format for research papers and other written assignments. Two good websites to bookmark for help citing references used in your assignments and discussion posts are listed below. (See the Academic Resources folder in the Resources area of the course for additional sites on APA style. ) This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 The OWL at Purdue, APA Formatting and Style Guide APA Style. rg Course Policies Academic Integrity Embry-Riddle is committed to maintaining and upholding intellectual integrity. All students, faculty, and staff have obligations to prevent violations of academic integrity and take corrective action when they occur. The adjudication process will involve imposing sanctions which may include, but are not limited to, a failing grade on the assignm ent, a failing grade in a course, suspension or dismissal from the University, upon students who commit the following academic violations: 1. Plagiarism: Presenting the ideas, words, or products of another as one’s own. Plagiarism includes use of any source to complete academic assignments without proper acknowledgement of the source. Reuse or resubmission of a student’s own coursework if previously used or submitted in another course, is considered self-plagiarism, and is also not allowed under University policy. 2. Cheating: A broad term that includes, but is not limited to, the following: a. Giving or receiving help from unauthorized persons or materials during examinations. b. The unauthorized communication of examination questions prior to, during, or following administration of the examination. . Collaboration on examinations or assignments expected to be, or presented as, individual work. d. Fraud and deceit, that include knowingly furnishing false or misleading information or failing to furnish appropriate information when requested, such as when applying for admission to the University. Online Learning This course is offered through ERAU Worldwide Online (Blackboard) and runs nine (9 ) weeks. The first week begins the first day of the term and ends at midnight EDT/EST (as applicable) seven days later. Success in this course requires in-depth study of each module as assigned, timely completion of assignments, and regular participation in forum discussions. Late work should be the exception and not the rule and may be downgraded at the discretion of the Instructor, if accepted at all. Unless all work is submitted, the student could receive a failing grade for the course. Extensions may be granted for extenuating circumstances at the discretion of the Instructor and only for the length of time the Instructor deems appropriate. The most important element of success in an online course is to communicate with your Instructor throughout the term. Conventions of â€Å"online etiquette,† which include courtesy to all users, will be observed. Students should use the Send Email function in Blackboard for private messages to the Instructor and other students. The class Discussion Board forums are for public messages. It is highly recommended that students keep electronic copies of all materials submitted as assignments, discussion board posts and emails, until after the end of the term and a final This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 grade is received. When posting responses in a discussion forum, please confirm that the responses have actually been posted after you submit them. Course Schedule Module Title Understanding Values, Morals, and Ethics Activities / Assignments 1. 1 – Introductions 1. 2 – Read Chapter 1; View Morality Video 1. 3 – Reading and Reflection: Morality and Ethics 1. 4 – Application: Current News Search 1. 5 – Discussion 1: Ethical Behavior 1. 6 – Discussion 2: Moral Issues 2. 1 – Read Chapter 2 and 3 2. 2 – Research and Critical Thinking: Haroun and the Sea of Stories Study Questions 2. – Discussion: Understanding the Past 2. 4 – Application: Moral Dilemma 2. 5 – Discussion: Ethnicity vs National Identity 3. 1 – Read Chapter 4; 3. 2 – Research and Critical Thinking â€Å"The Ethics of Emergencies Study Questions† 3. 3 – Reading and Reflection: Altruistic Behaviors 3. 4 – Application: Essay on Randâ⠂¬â„¢s Ideas 3. 5 – Discussion: Understanding Altruism 4. 1 – Read Chapters 5 and 6 4. 2 – Reading and Reflection: Utilitarianism and Deontology 4. 3 – Research and Critical Thinking: Flight 93 and Utilitarianism in Times of Crisis 4. – Discussion: Ends and Means 5. 1 – Review Modules 1 through 4 Learning Objectives 5. 2 – Discussion: Midterm Q A 5. 3 – Midterm Exam 6. 1 – Read Chapters 7 and 8; Listen to â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† 6. 2 – Reading and Reflection: Walmart Employment Practices 6. 3 – Application: Education Equity and Social Justice Awareness 6. 4 – Discussion 1: Person vs. Human Being 6. 5 – Discussion 2: Rights and Responsibilities 6. 6 – Research Critical Thinking: The Trial of Socrates 6. 7 – Application: Resolving Ethical Dilemmas 6. 8 – Discussion 3: Socrates’ Trial 7. – Read Chapters 10 and 11 7. 2 – Research and Critical Thinking: â€Å"Either/Or† Study Questions 7. 3 – Reading and Reflection: Philosophers 7. 4 – Application: â€Å"Why Courage Matters: The Way to Braver Life† Study Questions 7. 5 – Discussion: Politics 7. 6 – Group Project Preview 8. 1 – Read Chapters 12 and 13; View Gender and Ethics Video 8. 2 – Reading and Reflection: Group Case 8. 3 – Research and Critical Thinking: Group Case 8. 4 – Application: Group Findings 9. 1 – Review Modules 1 through 8 Learning Objectives 9. 2 – Discussion: Final Q and A 9. – Final Exam 1 2 Moral Lessons Through Time and Ethical Relativism 3 Exploring Psychological and Ethical Egoism 4 Utilitarian Reasoning and Universal Law 5 Midterm Exam Week 6 Human Rights, Justice and the Concept of Virtues 7 The Contemporary Perspectives and Case Studies in Virtue 8 Feminism, Virtue, and the Exploration of Ethics in a Global Context 9 Final Exam Week This syllabus was develo ped for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 How to cite Bluffing, Essay examples

Use of Recreational Drugs and its legalisation Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Use of Recreational Drugs and its Legalisation. Answer: Introduction Recreational drugs are also known as addiction drugs which are taken by the individuals not because of the medical purpose but for the enjoyment and pleasure when they are in social groups. These drugs are taken occasionally for altering ones mental state so that it can have modifications in an individuals feelings, perceptions and emotions. The consumption of these recreational drugs poses a direct impact upon an individuals body by bringing an intoxicating effect (Duke and Gross, 2014). There are majorly three categories of individuals which have high rate of usage of recreational drugs. It comprises of the state of depression, where individuals take use of these drugs to have calmness and a feeling of relaxation in them. The second category is stimulants, where people take use of these drugs to have a feeling of alertness and become more energetic. And the third common category is psychedelic drugs, where individuals consume these drugs to have perceptual distortions and illusions . The usages of recreational drugs are considered as more of a result of social behaviour rather than the outcome of medical conditions (Wood, et al., 2016). Use of recreational drugs and its legalisation (Source: globaldrugsurvey, 2014) Across the world, there has been found increasing use of the recreational drugs. The consumption of these drugs is increasing with a rapid and upsurge arte. The United States of America is one of the countries which have been recognized as one of the potential and significant user of these recreational drugs. The national individuals of America have an increasing propensity of consuming these drugs. As per the results of the Global Drug Survey 2014, it was found that the United States of America is at the leading position in the consumption of the recreational drugs which shows that there is high intake of cannabis which is one of the highly consumed recreational drugs (globaldrugsurvey, 2014). Reasons for the usage of recreational drugs There are numerous researches who have tried to identify the primary reasons behind the increasing consumption of these drugs which includes a number of factors. These fact ors comprises of socio-cultural influence, historical factors, increase availability, , juvenile delinquency, high peer pressure, upsurge arte of socioeconomic stressors, failure at workplace or school, history of trauma, martial issues, rebelliousness, curiosity, instant gratification, age, gender, self-medication, psychological problems, personality type and genetics. All these factors and aspects are the foundation for the increasing usage of these recreational drugs among the society (Quintero and Nichter 2011). Risks involved in the usage of recreational drugs The risk associated with the usage of these drugs completely depends upon the fraction of time and the amount of drug consumed by the user. There are number of factors which have their impact and role in developing the risks for the individuals consuming these drugs. The most harmful recreational drugs include alcohol, crack cocaine, methamphetamines, heroin, marijuana, etc. In the United States, there is extensive usage of marijuana among the youngsters and adults (Gable, 2006). The youth is directing towards the increase consumption of marijuana and leading them towards a more dreadful future. There are several health related risks which are the results of usage of these recreational drugs such as slowly and gradually it becomes an addiction for the human body which the users do not realize in the initial phase. But once it becomes an addiction, it is next to impossible to get rid of such addictions. Other risk includes cardiovascular problems, sexual dysfunction, weakening of the immune system, respiratory problems, antisocial personality, tampers with the brain and personality disorders (Zhang, Harris and Ho, 2016). Prevention There is an increasing demand for the prevention against the continuously up surging usage of these recreational drugs. The governments, various public health organisations as well as other health institutions are trying numerous ways to save the youths and the other individuals from the hazardous impact of the consumption of these addiction drugs. As a successful prevention technique, the Governments are highly recommended to legalize the usage of these drugs. By legalizing the sales and consumption of the recreational drugs, the Government can save number of individuals from its ill-effects (Van Ours, 2012). There are several positive implications of making the usage of drugs legalized which includes saving of billions of dollars which the individuals spend on the purchase of these drugs. By legalizing the sales of these drugs, the Government can have huge earning by imposing taxes over the sales. The second positive impact is that there can be attained actual data i.e. the number of individuals consuming these drugs. By having the analysis of the consumption rate, the Government can develop appropriate strategies for overcoming the related issues (Fraser and Moore, 2011). Another prevention technique other than legalisation of drugs could conclude sting operations, secret checks, high control over the import and exports of goods, forming of strict regulations, various informational campaigns which can fetch the attention of the individuals and direct them towards the stoppage of consuming these drugs by demonstrating the ill-effects of consuming these drugs on their health (Stringer and Maggard, 2016). Types of recreational drugs There are several types of recreational drugs which are consumed by the diverse groups of individuals depending upon their physical needs, individual behaviour and financial conditions. The various types includes Alcohol, Toabcco, Marijuana, Vicodin,Cocaine, Oxycodone, Ecstasy, LSD, Tramadol, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Zolpidem, Heroin, Buprenorphine, Morphine, Lorazepam, Methadone, Carisoprodol, DMT, Oxymorphone, ketamine, etc. (Schierenbeck, et al., 2008). Advantages on drug market The consumption of the recreational drugs has been found both positive as well as negative fir the individual and their health. There are more of negative impacts of these drugs. But if the Government legalise the usage and sale of these drugs, then it could be found advantageous for the drug market as well as for the nations and the individuals in most of the sense. There are several benefits for the drug market such as there will be increased legal sales of the drugs rather than the buying of the drugs via illegal ways. This will help in boosting the growth of the drug market and will eliminate the criminal market place which was extending with a rapid rate (Sather, 2005). Recommendation The youth as well as well as the increasing number of individuals are draining in the flow of the usage of recreational drugs. In the present scenario, it is highly essential to stop or reduce this rising rate of consumption of these drugs. It is recommended that the various national authorities across the globe and mainly the Government of USA must legalize the usage and sales of recreational drugs (Weatherburn, 2014). This is recommended because of the reason that legalisation of the drugs will provide access to the correct information about the increasing intake of these drugs. The correct and appropriate information will assist the policy makers as well as the government to formulate improved and correct set of policies and strategies for the control usage of these drugs. The another recommendation for preventing the issues of the increasing usage of these drugs is that, if the government legalized these drugs, then they can offer the corrects set of user guide or information rel ated to the use of these drugs such as avoiding the use of same needle, etc. (Sather, 2005). There can also be establishment of more number of rehabilitation centres which are free of cost, so that the individuals get a better treatment there and can be tree vroom the addiction of these drugs. It is also recommended that there is a huge supply of these recreational drugs from various overseas regions., thus the import must be checked and controlled in an efficiency manner with high scrutiny so that the young generations as well as the adults can be saved from the ill-effects of usage of these recreational drugs (Foddy and Savulescu, 2006). Conclusion From this report, it can be concluded that there is increasing demand and usage of the recreational drugs across the world. The youngsters are getting much fascinated by the use of these drugs because of their social and personal behaviour. There are various types of drugs available in the market and the illegal supply of these drugs is increasing the consumption with a rising rate. The United States of America is one of the countries which is very much and deeply affected by the illegal consumption of these recreational drugs. Thus, it is concluded that the Government authorities must legalized the usage and sales of these drugs so that they can fetch the appropriate and correct information and can frame strategic policies to overcome the issues and the challenges of the usage of recreational drugs. References Duke, S., Gross, A. C. (2014).America's longest war: Rethinking our tragic crusade against drugs. Open Road Media. Foddy, B., Savulescu, J. (2006). Addiction and autonomy: can addicted people consent to the prescription of their drug of addiction?.Bioethics,20(1), 1-15. Fraser, S., Moore, D. (Eds.). (2011).The drug effect: Health, crime and society. Cambridge University Press. Gable, R. S. (2006). The toxicity of recreational drugs.American scientist,94(3), 206. Globaldrugsurvey, (2014). The Global Drug Survey 2014 findings, Retrieved on: 1st May, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/past-findings/the-global-drug-survey-2014-findings/ Quintero, G., Nichter, M. (2011). Self-medication, and recreational drug use.A companion to medical anthropology,17, 339-350. Sather, T. (Ed.). (2005).Pros and cons: a debater's handbook. Routledge. Schierenbeck, T., Riemann, D., Berger, M., Hornyak, M. (2008). Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana.Sleep medicine reviews,12(5), 381-389. Stringer, R. J., Maggard, S. R. (2016). Reefer Madness to Marijuana Legalization: Media Exposure and American Attitudes Toward Marijuana (1975-2012).Journal of Drug Issues,46(4), 428-445. Van Ours, J. C. (2012). The long and winding road to cannabis legalization.Addiction,107(5), 872-873. Weatherburn, D. (2014). The pros and cons of prohibiting drugs.Australian New Zealand Journal of Criminology,47(2), 176-189. Wood, D. M., Dines, A. M., Heyerdahl, F., Yates, C., Giraudon, I., Paasma, R., ... Dargan, P. I. (2016). Review of European-Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) training package for non-specialist workers to assess acute recreational drug and new psychoactive substance toxicity in night-time economy environments.Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy,23(1), 73-77. Zhang, M. W., Harris, K. M., Ho, R. C. (2016). Is Off-label repeat prescription of ketamine as a rapid antidepressant safe? Controversies, ethical concerns, and legal implications.BMC medical ethics,17(1), 4.

Case Study Analysis Hypertension and Heart Failure

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Analysis of Hypertension and Heart Failure. Answer: 1) Why Hypertension leads to Heart Failure Hypertension is a disease that affects the normal rate of the heartbeat to either more than 140 over 90 mmHg. Because of the increased speed of the heartbeat, the normal functioning of the body is affected because the heart struggles to maintain the body operations. A patient is confirmed to be suffering from hypertension after several tests of the blood pressure. If there are consistent results of strange/abnormal heartbeat rates, then the patient is said to be hypertensive. The human body should be subjected to different physical activities so that blood flow can be managed. Insufficient physical exercises lead to thickening of lipids in the arteries that makes the heart struggle to pump blood. Also, eating foodstuff that is rich in salt can expose an individual to this disease. There are some long-term effects of hypertension that raises the chance of an individual being diagnosed with heart failure. For example, the vessels are narrowed, which makes it hard for the heart to effectively supply blood into the entire body. When a person is suffering high blood pressure, shortness of breathing is experienced, which means that the body will not be acquiring enough oxygen. Therefore, respiration system will be altered, and the lungs acquire droplets of water, which fully affects the breathing system causing pains in the chest. High blood pressure is related to enlarged heart size that reduces the ability of the heart to manage its pressure, thus leading to low blood pressure. Therefore, a higher chance of heart failure will be perceived because there will be no pressure to pump the blood through the artery to the body parts. People with hypertension are prone to kidney diseases, thus affecting its functionality. The kidney is very crucial in the body because it cleanses the blood from the body parts back to the heart for oxygenation, thus making the cycle effective. If the kidney does not undertake such requirements, the blood will reach the heart while it is still contaminated thus reducing its profitability to the body. In cases where the blood not purified, it means that there are higher chances of the body parts failing because the blood supplied is not up to the expected standards. As a result of the kidney failure disease, the patient might also be exposed to heart failure disease that is characterised by low power for the blood-pumping activity (Cheriyan, McEniery, Wilkinson, 2010). The brain of a person depends on oxygenated blood from the body just as the heart. In cases when the blood being pumped from the heart to other parts of the body is not nourishing, there are higher chances of some body parts failing. The brain is exposed to several critical diseases if it is not nourished by perfectly oxygenated blood from the heart. Stroke is among these diseases which make some of the brain cell to die. In such cases, one side of the body might be unresponsive, which might lead to heart failure. If the pressure of the blood is not controlled, the vessels connecting the heart and the brain can be weakened and destroyed, causing them to rupture, leak or narrow. Therefore, insufficient supply of the blood to the brain will lead to stroke and later heart failure. 2) Pathophysiology of Heart Failure The pathophysiologic processes that accompanies heart failure are complex because this is a disease that affects the entire body. The interactions and effects move from subcellular to the organs, thus affecting the normal functioning of the body in the body parts. The overwhelming of the adaptions for the networks leads to heart failure (Kitchens Maze, 2016). a) Adaptations There are some important adaptations of heart failure, and they are stated below: - Death and regeneration of myocyte in alterations. Activating the systems of Neurohormonal. Sustenance of cardiac functionality through the use of Frank-Starling methodology. Hypertrophy of myocardial with augmenting the mass of contractile tissue. The myocardial contractility is increased by norepinephrine released by the nerves of the cardiac. In cases when individual experiences acute heart failure, adaptive mechanisms that are used in maintaining the normal functioning of the heart might be destroyed, thus becoming ineffective. Myocyte hypertrophy, regeneration and death are the effects of increased stress of the walls of the cardiac. Therefore, if the functionality of the heart is affected, the output is altered leading to the provocation of neuroendocrine activation (Katz Konstam, 2012). b) Ang II Scientists have indicated that the effect of norepinephrine in cases of heart failure is the same as for Ang II. This compound is used to increase inotropy, reduce lusitropy and raise the level of afterload. All these processes lead to increased expenditure of energy for the heart. Also, Ang II has been used in the increment of myocyte of apoptosis. The myocardial function might be reduced progressively by And II as it balances the myocardial hypertrophy (Cheriyan, McEniery, Wilkinson, 2010). Therefore, the volume and mass of myocardial are increased as the loss of myocyte activated, which in turn leads to further increment of the myocardial mass and volume. c) Remodelling and Myocardial and Myocyte In heart failure disease, the increased volume of myocardial is directly linked to the large myocytes that are always approaching the end of the cycle. Therefore, after they fall off, they add weight to the ventricles, thus creating unfavourable environs in the heart, thus affecting the progenitor cells that are supposed to replace the myocytes. The effectiveness of these cells reduces, which leads to acceleration of the heart failure because of the failed regeneration process. The myocardial remodelling is characterised by increased mass and volume of the heart and an increased rate of myocyte loss. d) Diastolic and Systolic Failure When the stroke volume reduces, the chances of systolic and diastolic heart failure increases. Thereafter, chemo reflexes, central baroreflexes and peripherals are activated to manage the nerve traffic developed by the changes in the cardiac. Neurohormonal usually responds to the cases of reduced levels of stroke and this processes are clearly seen on people suffering from systolic heart failure. Some prognostic implication is identified when cardiac dysfunction is observed, which is correlated with plasma elevation. Norepinephrine is responsible for some abnormalities in a variety of signal transduction and reduction in the level of myocyte (Deedwania, 2012). e) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) The BNP and ANP peptides are activated as a result of the expansion ventricular pressure and volume. Therefore, these peptides are released from the ventricles and atria for the BNP and ANP respectively. Natriuresis and vasodilation are supported by these peptides, and their effects are neutralised by reducing the pressures in the ventricles, thus reducing the pre and after load of the cardiac. Sodium reabsorption in the tubule is inhibited by BNP and at the same time, it produces arteriolar vasodilation. These volumes/levels of BNP and ANP increased when chronic heart failure is suffered. Therefore, Brain Natriuretic Peptide has very important therapeutic, prognostic and diagnostic implications (Kearney, 2008). f) Left Ventricle (LV) Stiffness The left ventricle can increase in size if there is a combination of either the following: - The increment in the pressure is filling the ventricle. If a steeper pressure-volume curves for the ventricle is experienced. If the distensibility of the ventricular decreases (Kitchens Maze, 2016). As a result of a failure in myocarditis or acute valvular regurgitation, there might be an increase in the pressure in ventricular up leading to steeper curve. The steeper ventricular curve results by; increased wall thickness and ventricular mass, myocardial ischemia, fibrosis of endomyocardial, and infiltrate disorders such as amyloidosis (Kaplan, Victor, Kaplan, 2010). g) Left Ventricle Hypertrophy Left Ventricle Hypertrophy is led by increased overload of pressure, which also occurs in hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and aortic stenosis. Therefore, the pressure-volume curve in diastolic is shifted to the left to a place along the axis (Nadar Lip, 2009). Although the stiffness of the chamber may or may not be affected, the diastolic pressure is elevated in an abnormal manner. Increment if diastolic pressure leads to: - Increased demand for oxygen for myocardial Ventricle remodelling Myocardial Ischemia Maladaptive mechanisms are progressed eventually h) Arrhythmias All forms of heart failure are imparted with significant burden by arrhythmias as dangerous rhythms are experienced in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Also, some of the arrhythmias contribute to the occurrence of heart failure condition. Life-threatening arrhythmias are the most significant among all the rhythms associated with heart failure. Myocardial hypertrophy, ventricular dilatation and myocardial fibrosis are the most common structural substrates in arrhythmias. 3) Rationale of the Treatment According to the doctors prescriptions, it was important for the 64-year-old female patient to undertake some medicine that would help her recover from the state of breathlessness. This is a critical condition that could not be handled through outpatient health services, and that is the reason she was sent to the medical ward. The doctors decision was triggered by the results obtained after the testing the blood pressure that was found to be 156/96 mmHg, the heartbeat pulse at 128 bpm and a shallow respiration rate. These results show that the patient was suffering hypertension, and there were high chances that she had a heart attack. The patient has problems in breathing because of the affected cardiac functionality, and that is the reason behind the Ventolin 5mg medication, which helps in regulating the respiratory rate for asthmatic individuals. However, this disease did not help her, but it led to severe tremors ad anxiety, which worsened the situation. Intravenous (IV) therapy was used in cooling the situation and neutralising the effect of Ventolin into the body of the patient. The reaction observes after Ventolin was initiated into the body of the patient indicated that the health problem was not as a results lung disease. The next medical test was electrocardiogram, which shows that there was abnormal heart rhythm. Later, a chest indicated that there were some traces of fluid in the lung fields (Dez, 2014). Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) test was conducted to test the acidity of the blood from the artery and obtain the levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). According to the results obtained, the pH indicated that the blood was alkaline because the value obtained was above the normal range of values. The pressure of oxygen was found to be at a good pressure value but carbon dioxide values obtained was above the normal range which is between 35-45 mmHg. When the pressure of CO2 is perceived to be above 45 mmHg, it means that the gas is not able to move out of the body efficiently. Therefore, an intervention to accelerate the movement of CO2 out of the body is supposed to be used to balance the volumes to sustainable values. The bicarbonate values were within a manageable range although it was unable to maintain the pH of the blood. The oximetry reading shown that the patient needed 85% of 3 litres oxygen through the nasal prongs. After the patient was referred to the medical ward, there some medicines that were prescribed based on the medical tests undertaken and results undertaken. The doctor stated that the patient needed to be put in oxygen machine at 3 litres/minute through the nasal prongs. This would make her respiratory system managed effectively by providing sufficient flow of oxygen. The methyldopa 250 mg prescribed by the doctors was aimed at reducing the arterial pressure because the patient was diagnosed with a heart attack caused by hypertension condition. Also, physiotens (moxonidine) is a drug that is used to reduce/moderate the blood pressure, and this makes it an antihypertensive medicine. In this case, moxonidine is the component stimulates imidazoline receptors found in the brain, thus reducing the rate of sending signals blood vessels that make them narrow and contract (Semigran Shin, 2013). Plendil (felodipine) is also another medicine that was prescribed by the doctor for the 64-year-old patient. This medicine in categorised in a group of drugs that are known as calcium channel blockers (Matt Vera, 2013). It helps the blood vessels to relax/widen, thus reducing the workload on the heart by making the pumping process easier. Therefore, the blood pressure will be automatically lowered and perfectly managed. Karvia medicine was also used as an antihypertensive drug that, which is prescribed to be used by adults whose hypertension condition has no known/obvious cause. It is supposed to be used once in the morning to maintain the blood pressure and treat kidney disease if perceived. Karvezide 300 mg/25 mg is used by individuals who suffer hypertension just as the patient in this case. Its core use is the treatment of high blood pressure, and it contains a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan (Hosenpud Greenberg, 2013). In the next morning, the patient was feeling much better after the use of the drugs prescribed by the doctor. Her wellness was fully supported by the oxygen provided, and whenever the supply was disconnected, she was unable to breathe. She was then assessed by the cardiologist, and Lasix 40 mg drug was ordered for the start and then to be continued every morning. The cardiologist stated that the patient suffered heart failure, and it was probably because of hypertension condition that she has had for many years. Use of Lasix (furosemide) 40 mg was aimed at reducing the excessive fluids in the lungs so that the respiratory system could be enhanced (MacGregor Kaplan, 2010). Therefore, the shortness of breath and hypertension could be managed effectively. The excessive fluids in the body are lost through urination when furosemide is taken. Lasix 40 mg dosage helped the patients respiratory system by clearing the excessive fluids in the lungs. Therefore, in the next morning, she confess ed that she was feeling much better, and her lungs felt good and free. 4) Nursing Interventions a) Nutrition This nursing intervention will be aimed at educating/informing the patient or her family members how they should manage the nutrition to enable the patient manage hypertension and heart failure effectively. The approach of this nursing plan will be connected to the avoidance of imbalanced diet/nutrition. Also, other cultural preferences and other activities to be undertaken towards nutrition will be included in the plan. It has been evidenced that skinfold for the triceps should not be more than 25mm for women and 15mm for men. Therefore, the patient or the family members will be advised to manage the diet to avoid obesity. The most effective and functional eating patterns for the patient will be advised to manage the body to desirable weight. An appropriate exercise system can be initiated for the patient to ensure that the respiratory system is enhanced (Michael Felker, 2010). The patient suffering heart failure should ensure that all cases that can lead to obesity are avoided because when an individual gains more weight, the blood pressure is perceived to raise. The patient or the carers should understand the direct relationship between hypertension and obesity. Their understanding prompts them to focus on exercises and weight loss because reducing weight will replace the use of the drug for therapy. Instruction are important to help the patient choose effective diets such as prioritising on fruits, low-fat foods, vegetable and avoid feeding on foodstuff with saturated fats. It is important to avoid cholesterol and fats to prevent atherogenesis. Elimination of drug therapy can be reduced or replaced by using dietary approaches to stop hypertension (Mann Felker, 2014). b) Decreased Cardiac Output There are several chances of experiencing decreased cardiac output for a person suffering hypertension or heart failure. The resistance of the vascular might be increased, suffering from ventricular rigidity myocardial ischemia (Rnao, 2009). It will be desired or effective for the patient to engage in activities which are perceived to reduce BP or cardiac workload. The blood pressure should also be managed within the acceptable or manageable range. Also, it will good for the patient if the cardiac rhythm is successfully maintained and engage in stress management activities. The stress level of a patient should be assessed to identify the best method to be used in reducing it to a manageable point (Stewart Blue, 2008). Based on laboratory report, a registered nurse can identify the factors that are contributing to the reduction of cardiac output. Some other factors such as skin colour and moisture can be identified to check the level of hypertension, thus paving a way for an effective method of control. The nurse will also advise the patient on the best ways to manage cardiac output. Also, the response of the medical interventions implemented will also be monitored and evaluated so that their effectiveness can be maintained (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, Wagner, 2013). c) Coping Effectively A registered nurse is to focus on coping with different changes experienced when the heart failure condition is suffered. They should be advised to cope with exercises that help in managing the condition. For instance, a person who was used to little or no exercise might experience muscle fatigue after engaging in various physical activities advised by the doctor. Based on this nursing plan, the impossible coping behaviours should be identified so that alternatives evaluated (Nanda, 2012). Individual stressing agents should be determined and their potential effect evaluated. The capability of coping to the strategies will also be accessed by the nurse, thus showing the level of willingness to the treatment approach. It is normal that a person will try hard to fit in a medical intervention plan if it is perceived to help in a treatment process (Michael Felker, 2010). The patient is advised to focus on priorities of life, thus being able to undertint the current situation and effect on future life. Therefore, the patient will be assisted in planning for necessary changes in lifestyle, thus being helped to cope and fit perfectly. The patient should make life changes that are realistic and able to make her powerful and encourage in life. The patient should be informed that a lot physical and psychological changes will be experienced ("Heart failure: management", 2014). Therefore, it will be advisable to be ready for changes such as impaired concentration, fatigue, irritability among others. The negative thoughts perceived by the patient about the dangers connected with the condition should be replaced with positive ideas through encouragements. References Bulechek, G., Butcher, H., Dochterman, J., Wagner, C. (2013). Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences. Cheriyan, J., McEniery, C., Wilkinson, I. (2010). Hypertension. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Deedwania, P. (2012). Heart failure. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. Dez, J. (2014). Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Heart Failure. Heart Failure Clinics, 10(2), 233-242. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2013.12.004 Heart failure: management. (2014). Clinical Pharmacist. https://dx.doi.org/10.1211/cp.2014.11138784 Hosenpud, J. Greenberg, B. (2013). Congestive heart failure (3rd Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. Kaplan, N., Victor, R., Kaplan, N. (2010). Kaplan's clinical hypertension. Philadelphia: Wollters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Katz, A. Konstam, M. (2012). Heart Failure. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Kearney, M. (2008). Chronic heart failure. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kitchens, J. Maze, L. (2016). Heart Failure. Elsevier Health Sciences. MacGregor, G. Kaplan, N. (2010). Hypertension. Abingdon: Health Press. Mann, D. Felker, G. (2014). Heart failure. Elsevier Health Sciences. Matt Vera, R. (2013). 6 Hypertension Nursing Care Plans - Nurseslabs. Nurseslabs. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from https://nurseslabs.com/6-hypertension-htn-nursing-care-plans/ Michael Felker, G. (2010). Diuretic Management in Heart Failure. Congestive Heart Failure, 16, S68-S72. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2010.00172.x Nadar, S. Lip, G. (2009). Oxford Cardiology Library: Hypertension. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. Nanda, (2012). Nanda Nursing Interventions: 4 Nursing Diagnosis Interventions for Hypertension. Nanda-nursinginterventions.blogspot.co.ke. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from https://nanda-nursinginterventions.blogspot.co.ke/2012/05/4-nursing-diagnosis-interventions-for.html Nicholson, C. (2007). Heart failure. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. O'Connor, C. (2014). Heart Failure: Where the Paths Cross. JACC: Heart Failure, 2(4), 427. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2014.05.001 Rnao, (2009). Nursing Management of Hypertension | Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. Rnao.ca. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from https://rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines/nursing-management-hypertension Royal Pharmaceutical Society, (2014). Acute heart failure. The Pharmaceutical Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.1211/pj.2014.11138556 RuDusky, B. (2015). Heart Failure and Comorbidities. JACC: Heart Failure, 3(12), 1003. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.008 Semigran, M. Shin, J. (2013). Heart failure. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Shin, J. Semigran, M. (2010). Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension. Heart Failure Clinics, 6(2), 215-222. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2009.11.007 Stewart, S. Blue, L. (2008). Improving outcomes in chronic heart failure. London: BMJ.